Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Bow Street Runners: Gregger

Grogger

Unemployed older men became night watchmen. These night watchmen caught criminals and if they required help, they could use what are now called a "football rattle or a hand clacker" (like that shown here) to signal parish constables.
In addition, private "thief-takers" could be hired by victims of crime to apprehend criminals.

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